Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ( Ocd ) - 2087 Words

Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) was once thought to be extremely rare, but recent epidemiological studies have shown it to be the fourth most common psychiatric disorder (after substance abuse, specific phobias, and major depression). OCD is often a chronic disorder that produces significant morbidity when not properly diagnosed and treated. The mainstay of treatment includes cognitive behavioral therapy and medication management. The use of clomipramine in the 1960s and then the introduction of serotonin reuptake inhibitors in the 1980s represented important advances in the pharmacologic treatment of OCD. Despite effective treatment modalities, many patients demonstrate only a partial response or are resistant to available medications. SRI-resistant OCD is one of the few diagnoses in modern psychiatry for which invasive neurosurgical procedures remain part of the established treatment armamentarium. We review current treatment strategies used in the management of OCD symptoms. Introduction Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a debilitating neuropsychiatric disorder with a lifetime prevalence of 2 to 3 percent and is estimated to be the 10th leading cause of disability in the world. Patients with OCD experience recurrent, intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and/or repetitive, stereotyped behaviors (compulsions) that last for at least one hour per day and significantly interfere with the individual s normal level of functioning. The intrusive obsessional thoughtsShow MoreRelatedObsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)1756 Words   |  8 Pages Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a disorder that can affect children and adults. In order to fully understand OCD, many different areas of the disorder must be reviewed. First, OCD will be defined and the diagnosis criteria will be discussed. Secondly the prevalence of the disorder will be considered. The different symptoms, behaviors and means of treatment are also important aspects that will be discussed in order to develop a clearer understanding of the implications of obsessive compulsiveRead MoreEssay on Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)875 Words   |  4 Pagessevere Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. Obsessive-compulsive disorder is an anxiety disorder that triggers people to have unwanted fixations and to repeat certain activities again and again. Everyone has habits or certain ways of doing something with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder these habits severely interrupt the way they live their lives (Familydoctor.org Editorial Staff). About one in 40 people suffer from some form of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (ABRAMOWITZ). Obsessive Compulsive Disorder oftenRead MoreLiving With Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)1190 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferences between both symptoms and experiences of six different authors who have been personally affected by obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).   Since OCD is not very well understood by many members of the public (Escape), I hope that the experiences of the authors that I researched will be able to paint a vivid picture of what life with OCD is like. Obsessive-compulsive disorder involves a chemical imbalance in the brain. This chemical imbalance is thought to be the main reason for obsessionsRead MoreObsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Essay2901 Words   |  12 Pages   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, or OCD, affects an average 1.7% of the population according to the Stanford University School of Medicine.  Ã‚  The recognition of this psychological disorder has grown in the recent years.  Ã‚  As the knowledge of this disorder becomes more prevalent, those suffering have become more willing to seek help (OCDA).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  OCD is a condition â€Å"in which people experience repetitive and upsetting thoughts and/or behaviors† (OCDA).  Ã‚  While there are many variationRead MoreObsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Essay800 Words   |  4 Pages Obsessive Compulsive Disorder And Its Effect On Life Obsessive-compulsive disorder, or OCD, involves anxious thoughts or rituals one feels and cant control. . For many years, OCD was thought to be rare. The actual number of people with OCD was hidden, because people would hide their problem to avoid embarrassment. Some recent studies show that as many as 3 million Americans ages 18 to 54 may have OCD at any one time. This is about 2.3% of the people in this age group. It strikes men and women inRead More Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Essays2616 Words   |  11 Pagesis a very powerful piece of structure; it is truly limitless when speaking about its potential. With a functional organ comes a dysfunctional possibility. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, (OCD), for instance, is nervousness in the mind. OCD is an anxiety disorder caused by repetitive intrusive thoughts and behaviors. It is a mental disorder marked by the involvement of a devotion to an idea or routine. Essentially, it is a false core belief which is believing that there is something wrong, causingRead MoreEssay on Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)3370 Words   |  14 Pages Obsessive compulsive disorder is a disease that many people know of, but few people know about. Many people associate repeated washing of hands, or flicking of switches, and even cleanliness with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), however there are many more symptoms, and there are also explanations for those symptoms. In this paper, I will describe what obsessive compulsive disorder is, explain some of the effects of it, and explain why it happens. I will also attempt to prove that while medicationRead More Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Essay1758 Words   |  8 PagesOCD: Whats in Control? Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder that is the fourth most common mental illness in the U.S. (8). OCD affects five million Americans, or one in five people (3). This is a serious mental disorder that causes people to think and act certain things repetitively in order to calm the anxiety produced by a certain fear. Unlike compulsive drinking or gambling, OCD compulsions do not give the person pleasure; rather, the rituals are performed to obtainRead MoreObsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Essay examples1375 Words   |  6 PagesObsessive Compulsive Disorder â€Å"I know my hands are clean. I know that I have touched nothing dangerous. But†¦ I doubt my perception. Soon, if I do not wash, a mind numbing, searing anxiety will cripple me. A feeling of stickiness will begin to spread from the point of contamination and I will be lost in a place I do not want to go. So I wash until the feeling is gone, until the anxiety subsides. Then I feel defeated. So I do less and less, my world becomes smaller and smaller and more lonelyRead MoreEssay about Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)474 Words   |  2 Pages Obsessive Compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental illness that effects nearly 5 million Americans, and half a million children. Its a disease that fills the brain with unwanted ideas, and worries. OCD is a diseases that effects the Cerebral frontal cortex. Unfortunately there is no cure for OCD. Obsessive compulsive disorder can start developing as early as age five. In most cases OCD controls your life. Through out the rest of this paper I hope to inform you on Obsessive compulsive Disorders

Analysis Of “The Little Mermaid” By Hans Christian Andersen.

Analysis of â€Å"The Little Mermaid† by Hans Christian Andersen â€Å"The Little Mermaid† by Hans Christian Andersen is one of the worlds most cherished fairy tales. Through the years, this story has inspired its fair share of different adaptations and spinoffs, as well as intertwined itself in popular culture. Although it is widely considered a children’s story today, upon close examination, we can find various elements of literary devices and themes, all of which provide the seasoned reader with a deep connection to the story. To honor the tradition of story-telling, it is essential that a short summary of the story be given. Per Hans Christian Andersen’s account, the bottom of the ocean is nothing like what we humans imagine. Instead, a sea†¦show more content†¦She ultimately chooses death, but continues living as a â€Å"daughter of the air†. When first reading â€Å"The Little Mermaid†, the reader is sure to notice the imagery painted by Anderson. He finds a way to make a place we see as dark and abysmal, the sea floor, seem bright, vibrant, and full of joy. One sentence Hans Christian Andersen writes, â€Å"The most wonderful trees and plants are growing down there, with stalks and leaves that bend so easily that they stir at the very slightest movement of the water, just as though they were alive† (216), perfectly exemplifies this imagery. It is also important to take note of how the imagery changes by location. In the part of the sea where the witch lives, the imagery evokes the feeling of gloom and loneliness that one would naturally expect from the sea floor. Above the surface of the ocean, in the human world, the author uses imagery that quite frankly blows the beauty of our world out of proportion. Andersen writes, â€Å"The whole sky had looked like gold, she said, and the clouds—well, she just couldn’t describe how beautiful they were as they sailed, all crimson and violet, over her head.† (218) This makes something we find trivial seem l ike something everyone must see before they die. While some may view this as odd, it is important to consider that the story centers around a mermaid who has never seen these things before. Something that I believe the author does not emphasize enough is theShow MoreRelatedThe Rise Of Feminism Of The 19th And 20th Centuries2037 Words   |  9 Pagessociety and the influence they bring to children’s fundamental moral principles has enabled analysis of many aspects of sexual identity within society. The rise of literary gender criticism allowed examination of how sexual identity has influenced literary works and the influence it brings to society throughout history. Though women have been suppressed by the male dominated society during the 1800s, Andersen creates unique fairy tales that oppose the social norms and depicts strong female charactersRead MoreEssay Classic Fairy Tales: Annotated Bibliography1398 Words   |  6 PagesIn his evaluation of Little Red Riding Hood, Bill Delaney states, â€Å"In analyzing a story . . . it is often the most incongruous element that can be the most revealing.† To Delaney, the most revealing element in Little Red Riding Hood is the protagonist’s scarlet cloak. Delaney wonders how a peasant girl could own such a luxurious item. First, he speculates that a â€Å"Lady Bountiful† gave her the cloak, which had belonged to her daughter. Later, however, Delaney suggests that the cloak is merely symbolicRead MoreThe Complex Lay ers Within the Little Mermaid1206 Words   |  5 Pageschanged tales from their original versions to get rid of sexual undertones and horrific violence against innocent characters, injecting their interpretation of Christian morality into the subtext. Laced with various complex layers, the original tale of The Little Mermaid is imbued with poignant cultural meaning. Sirenetta, the young mermaid protagonist, dwells in a kingdom under the sea with her older sisters, but desires to become human after she falls in love with a prince whom she saves from drowningRead MoreBeauty and the Beast by Madame Le Prince De Beaumont, Little Mermaid by Andersen and Cinderella by Perrault2215 Words   |  9 Pagesfind true love there is some sort of intense journey one must go on. This idea of a journey for love has created a specific ideology for what love is and how to achieve it. In the text Beauty and the Beast by Madame Le Prince De Beaumont, Little Mermaid by Andersen and Cinderella by Perra ult the authors all deal with the same plot on how love is achieved. The direct correlation between the three fairytales analyzed will prove that there is a sacrificial journey needed to find true love and this mysticalRead MoreComparing Disney s Versions Of Princess Centric Tales And Their Popular Counterparts2554 Words   |  11 Pagesmost profitable Disney franchise, grossing over $5 billion worldwide (Sheridan, 2014). This report aims to identify the similarities and differences between Disney s versions of princess-centric tales and their popular counterparts through critical analysis and comparison of their content, tone and style. Approximately one century before Walt Disney began his animation career, the Brothers Grimm (Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm) started their popular legacy through re-writing old folk tales, which they thoughtRead MoreSlept Analysis of Denmark851 Words   |  4 PagesSLEPT ANALYSIS OF DENMARK Denmark is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. It is the southernmost of the Nordic countries, southwest of Sweden and south of Norway, and bordered to the south by Germany. S - Socio Culture L - Legal E - Economic P - Political T – Technology Socio Culture Language - The national language is Danish. Religion (i) According to official statistics from January 2010, 80.9% of the population of Denmark are members of the Danish National Church (Den DanskeRead MoreThe taste of melon by borden deal11847 Words   |  48 Pagesthey can’t raise a melon bigger than your two fists. Other men, like Mr. Wills, can throw seed on the ground, scuff dirt over it, walk off and leave it, and have a crop of the prettiest, biggest melons you ever saw. Mr. Wills always planted the little field directly behind his barn to watermelons. It ran from the barn to the creek, a good piece of land with just the right sandy soil for melon raising. And it seemed as though the melons just bulged up out of the ground for him. But they were

A Pastiche continuing from Part I of Franz Kafkas Metamorphosis Essay Example For Students

A Pastiche continuing from Part I of Franz Kafkas Metamorphosis Essay The following passage is a scene between Grete and her father her mother will not be in this scene. Her father is struggling to comprehend Gregors metamorphosis but is more concerned about how the family will survive monetarily whilst Grete quietly mourns her brothers transformation. My intention was to capture the boorishness of Gregors father which we see later on in the story when he flings an apple at Gregor, fatally wounding him. Gregors father is a somewhat defeated man due to the failure of his business and so, whilst his son works at a demoralising place with an unsatisfactory job, he lounges about. This may be due to his ill health but after Gregors transformation he does manage to regain his confidence and desire to work. This is partly represented by his smart blue uniform with gold buttons replacing his old overcoat. Indeed the gold buttons could be seen as a sign of his replenished sense of pride. Grete has a good relationship with her brother and cared for him deeply, as seen early on in the text. Gregor is locked in the room and she asks him, Oh Gregor? Are you not well? Can I bring you anything? Despite initially being fearful of the cockroach, she takes on the role of Gregors carer. Gregor believes that the reasons for Grete assisting him are a mixture of devotion, due to the memory of their relationship, and her youthfulness. Grete flourishes as a person and displays her ability to take on the responsibility of dealing with a dilemma such as Gregor. This is unlike her parents who, in the text, seem incapable of dealing with the issue themselves. In the passage we also see Grete with her violin. This is a symbol of the strong relationship between Grete and her brother since he admires her music to the point where, as it states later on in the text, he wishes to send her to the Conservatorium. This seems to be the only way in which both Gregor and Grete rebel as, their pare nts disliked even innocent references to the Conservatorium. My aim is to capture Kafkas use of simple and clear prose. The resonance of the declarative opening line, When Gregor Samsa awoke one morning from troubled dreams, he found himself changed into a monstrous cockroach in his bed, is perhaps the only startling or unexpected line in Metamorphosis and my pastiche has been written to continue with this lack of eventfulness. In the text speech is always followed by actions and so I have tried to emulate this narrative style of writing in my characterisation of Grete and her father. Kafka employs this style of writing through the use of an omniscient third-person. This is particularly true in regards to Gregor but in my passage I employ this technique for Grete and her father. The opening paragraph is also very long so as to annunciate the characters confusion, as Kafka does for Gregor who remains in a constant state of confusion due to his state. In this pastiche I have also touched on a theme that appears in Metamorphosis; that of the effect of financial hardships on relationships. In the text, Gregor is merely seen as a means to make money and so when he undergoes a metamorphosis, he is treated with contempt. In my passage I have shown this contempt through Gregors father as he is the main reason why Gregor had to do a job he hates in the first place. Furthermore, I will highlight the fact that income is the most important issue according his father and this makes up a large part of his dialogue with Grete in the pastiche. This is to mimic way in which Kafka highlighted the fact that the characters are only deemed valuable as long as they can maintain a salary. .u781f8085ed9b9b410b504a81e5ed9508 , .u781f8085ed9b9b410b504a81e5ed9508 .postImageUrl , .u781f8085ed9b9b410b504a81e5ed9508 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u781f8085ed9b9b410b504a81e5ed9508 , .u781f8085ed9b9b410b504a81e5ed9508:hover , .u781f8085ed9b9b410b504a81e5ed9508:visited , .u781f8085ed9b9b410b504a81e5ed9508:active { border:0!important; } .u781f8085ed9b9b410b504a81e5ed9508 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u781f8085ed9b9b410b504a81e5ed9508 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u781f8085ed9b9b410b504a81e5ed9508:active , .u781f8085ed9b9b410b504a81e5ed9508:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u781f8085ed9b9b410b504a81e5ed9508 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u781f8085ed9b9b410b504a81e5ed9508 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u781f8085ed9b9b410b504a81e5ed9508 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u781f8085ed9b9b410b504a81e5ed9508 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u781f8085ed9b9b410b504a81e5ed9508:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u781f8085ed9b9b410b504a81e5ed9508 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u781f8085ed9b9b410b504a81e5ed9508 .u781f8085ed9b9b410b504a81e5ed9508-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u781f8085ed9b9b410b504a81e5ed9508:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Play of social criticism EssayPastiche: With her mother having retreated to her bed in order to recover from the sight of the cockroach, Grete went into her room herself and had barely closed the door when her father came hurrying in, closing the door shut. His eyes were red but before he could say a word Grete said, quite calmly: Mother is in bed, I ought to be bringing her some medicine. Grete walked to her drawer and extracted from it the medicine that she kept for her mother. Making her way to the door, her father stopped her. That can wait, replied her father. I fear there are more pressing issues at hand. Taking in what her father had just said, Grete silently proceeded to open her wardrobe and retrieved the fragile case in which was her violin. Must you bring that out? her father asked. She sat on her bed and opened the case to reveal the violin, which was free of the hardships experienced by its case. Grete took the violin out of the case and plucked the strings, making sure that they were note perfect. However, her distraction proved temporary as her father took the violin out of her hand and placed it firmly in its case. Snatching his daughters hand he stared at her with puffy eyes and hissed: Your brother is sick, in case you didnt notice, music at this time is somewhat inappropriate. As these words left his lips her father slumped onto the floor, once again in tears. Not wanting to look at her father, Grete placed a solitary hand on his shoulder and stared at the ceiling. There was a cobweb in one of the corners. Looking at the cobweb she once again saw the repulsive image of the cockroach which had replaced her brother. Finally looking at her father, she studied his broken face and began to weep. But her tears were not for her father but for her brother whom she imagined was most likely bewildered and in pain, after her fathers brutish attack. Her mind then turned to the image of her mother fainting after the shock of seeing her son and sole breadwinner turned into a monstrous state. No doubt she would blame herself and her husband for finally destroying Gregor. Grete herself knew that he was always never content with having to spend his days travelling, selling goods of little use. But no, that wasnt her brother, it couldnt be. What man wakes up to find that he has turned into a cockroach? Perhaps it was all an elaborate joke though Gregor was never one to joke. Perhaps he had fled and instead replaced himself with a cockroach, in rebellion for their over-reliance on him. But she had seen that vile thing and it could only have been her brother. Of course, she could not comprehend a single thing that came out of his mouth but still that cockroach was surely Gregor. The way it pursued that clerk was Gregor through and through. Always trying to reason, always having to plead his case. Grete removed her hand from her fathers shoulder and walked to her drawer. From it she took out the medicine which she kept for her mother and went to her bedroom. After giving her the medicine Grete went back to her room to find her father pacing the room. Since that cockroach is of no use, we will have to find some way to forge an income, he said calmly. God knows what caused this monstrosity to be bestowed on our family but we must not allow this burden to be the ruin of us. Grete remained silent and this annoyed her father. Perhaps this is a sign of things to come. Perhaps I can start afresh, all of us in fact. Mr Samsa looked at his daughter and with mild regret, wished that she had been born a man. You could perhaps put down that violin and find some work, he said pointedly. It is about time that you helped to reduce our debt. Grete didnt bother to conceal her raised eyebrow and for a second Mr Samsa considered throwing an object at his daughter. Deciding against this, however, he merely took her violin out of its case and stared at it. Grete eyed her father and said, Father, as repulsive as that thing may be, it is my brother. Please do not strike it again. At this her father scoffed and stared in Gretes direction, hands clasped together. That creature you speak of so lovingly is no more your brother than I, he retorted bluntly. Mr Samsa stood up and made for the door. .u3a9f4e2f550418b0744814aca1db92b1 , .u3a9f4e2f550418b0744814aca1db92b1 .postImageUrl , .u3a9f4e2f550418b0744814aca1db92b1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3a9f4e2f550418b0744814aca1db92b1 , .u3a9f4e2f550418b0744814aca1db92b1:hover , .u3a9f4e2f550418b0744814aca1db92b1:visited , .u3a9f4e2f550418b0744814aca1db92b1:active { border:0!important; } .u3a9f4e2f550418b0744814aca1db92b1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3a9f4e2f550418b0744814aca1db92b1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3a9f4e2f550418b0744814aca1db92b1:active , .u3a9f4e2f550418b0744814aca1db92b1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3a9f4e2f550418b0744814aca1db92b1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3a9f4e2f550418b0744814aca1db92b1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3a9f4e2f550418b0744814aca1db92b1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3a9f4e2f550418b0744814aca1db92b1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3a9f4e2f550418b0744814aca1db92b1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3a9f4e2f550418b0744814aca1db92b1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3a9f4e2f550418b0744814aca1db92b1 .u3a9f4e2f550418b0744814aca1db92b1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3a9f4e2f550418b0744814aca1db92b1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: How is Love Described in 'How do I love thee' by Elizabeth Barrett Browning and 'Remember me' by Christina Rossetti EssayTurning around, he addressed Grete saying: As I said before, I suggest you look for work, we are going to need to support ourselves. At that he left, closing the door behind him. Grete fell onto her bed but she did not weep. Contemplating what had become of her family over the years, she sat down. Her mother seemed to be getting weaker and weaker and her brother was a cockroach. As for her father, well it seemed that this would inevitably push him into a further decline. Grete turned her head and saw her violin case, slightly ajar. She went over to it an d corrected the violins position, closed the case and put it back in her wardrobe. She sighed and thought about something Gregor had said. Smiling she said to herself: He is right; perhaps it is time I got married. She then made her way to the kitchen, to get some milk for Gregor.

Corporate Finance Future Expansion Plans

Question: Describe about the Corporate Finance for Future Expansion Plans. Answer: Introduction The present report aims to provide advice to Woolworths as a financial advisor for supporting its future expansion plans. In this context, the report demonstrates the current financial standing information of the company by analyzing its market value, share value and debt to profit ratio. It also describes the recent capital raising activity of the company through share equity financing or debt financing. In addition to this, the financial strategy is also analyzed to gain an understanding of the strategies used by the company to raise funds. At last, the report provides advice to the company for raising capital in order to fund its future expansion plans. Background of the company Woolworths Limited is an Australian company that is involved in retail business in the country offering food, petrol, liquor, home improvement and general merchandise products to the customers. The company is recognized as largest supermarket chain of the country and operates about 961 stores across the Australia. It is publicly listed on Australia Stock Exchange (ASX) since past 20 years. The company is believed to employ about 111,000 people in its retail stores, distribution centers, and support offices for providing customers high quality products conveniently. The company is recognized as Fresh Food People as it procures about 98% of fresh fruit and vegetable from Australian farmers and growers (Woolworths Supermarkets, 2012). Woolworths Current Financial Standing Position The current market capitalization of Woolworths is around 28.72B and it shares are worth around $ 19.87 (Raszkiewicz, 2015). The debt/equity ratio indicates the financial leverage of the company and is calculated by dividing the total liabilities by stockholders equity. The best/equity radio of Woolworths for the financial year 2015 is calculated as follows: Formula: Debt/Equity = 5331/10834 = 0.49 The ratio indicates the incorporation of more equity in comparison to debt in the capital structure of the company. This is a good sign for the company as it decreases the business risk and therefore supports its long-term growth and development. As indicated by debt/equity ratio, the company incorporates more the use of equity as compared to debt for financing its assets (Annual Report, 2015). Thus, it is analyzed from the market value, share value and debt to equity ration of Woolworths that its current financial position is stable but the company must take future measures for increasing the share prices as market value of shares are low as compared to the previous years. Capital Raising Activity of Woolworths The companys performance is declining in the recent years due to the huge investments made by it in sectors such as home improvements. This caused a shift in focus of the company from manufacturing its food products from fresh ingredients to other sectors causing a decrease in its profitability. The fund manager is currently planning to raise the capital through asset sales of its unprofitable home improvement business (Heffernan, 2016). The credit rating of the company is under risk with rapid decline in its supermarket sales in the past few financial years. The board of directors is cutting down the dividends paid to the shareholders by about 30 per cent and also reducing the payout ration from 70 per cent to about 50 per cent. This is done to retain cash and thus strengthen the balance sheet of the company for improving its credit rating (Mitchell, 2015). The company is also currently emphasizing on incorporating more debt in its capital structure for meet out its current liabilit ies (WOOLWORTHS HOLDINGS LIMITED 2015 INTEGRATED REPOR, 2015). Thus, it can be said that the company is preferably incorporating the use of equity and debt financing both for raising its capital structure. Woolworths financial strategy The financial strategy of the company includes appropriate capital structuring for enhancing the shareholder value. The company pays good dividends to shareholders through optimizing its weighted average cost of capital (Annual Report., 2015). The debt financing policy of the company includes creating an adequate match between long-term debt to long-term equity, minimizing re-financing results and hedging of interest rate for outweighing the potential risks from foreign currency exposure. The board of directors ensures the presence of certainty in liquidity position for meeting the challenges of occurrence of any global financial crisis. The companys incorporate the use of equity financing largely for maximizing shareholder value. It seek to provide highest dividend to shareholders through reducing its liabilities from debt financing (Managing Directors Report Capital Management and Outlook., 2012). Woolworths is also recently utilizing the use of its balance sheet for raising capita l as to reduce its dependence on debt financing. The company is reducing its payout ratio and re-selling its unprofitable assets for enhancing the equity proportion in the capital structure (Mitchell, 2015). However, the company is also currently planning to increase the debt proportion in its capital structure for meet its current liabilities (WOOLWORTHS HOLDINGS LIMITED 2015 INTEGRATED REPOR, 2015). Conclusion On the basis of the overall discussion held in the report, it can be concluded that current financial position of Woolworths is not sound as it is facing huge loss in its profitability owning to less market sales of its retail products ion home improvement category. The company, is recommend to emphasizes on its main business area, that is, manufacturing fresh food products by divesting its unprofitable businesses for regaining its market leader position in the retail sector of the country. It has invested largely in the manufacturing of products such as home improvement, petrol station, liquor that are not proving to be largely profitable for the company. The company can acquire funds through selling its non-profitable business units and therefore raise capital for supporting its future expansion plans of acquiring finance for production of its main business area of food products. The Company should also incorporate less debt in its capital structure as it would increase the future liabilities posing a threat for its sustainability. The company should focus largely on incorporation of equity financing for reducing the business risk of increasing liabilities. References Annual Report. 2015. [Online]. Available at: https://www.woolworthslimited.com.au/icms_docs/182381_Annual_Report_2015.pdf [Accessed on: 19 September 2016]. Managing Directors Report Capital Management and Outlook. 2012. [Online]. Available at: https://www.woolworthslimited.com.au/annualreport/2012/md-capital-management-outlook.html [Accessed on: 19 September 2016]. Mitchell, S. 2015. Woolworths dividend, credit rating at risk. [Online]. Available at: https://www.smh.com.au/business/retail/woolworths-dividend-credit-rating-at-risk-20151103-gkq2lr.html [Accessed on: 19 September 2016]. Heffernan, M. 2016. Capital raising, store closures may be in store for Woolies. [Online]. Available at: https://www.smh.com.au/business/retail/capital-raising-store-closures-may-be-in-store-for-woolies-20160722-gqbiae.html [Accessed on: 19 September 2016]. Raszkiewicz, O. 2015. How much are Woolworths Limited shares REALLY worth? . [Online]. Available at: https://www.fool.com.au/2015/06/12/how-much-are-woolworths-limited-shares-really-worth/ [Accessed on: 19 September 2016]. WOOLWORTHS HOLDINGS LIMITED 2015 INTEGRATED REPORT. 2015. [Online]. Available at: https://www.woolworthsholdings.co.za/investor/annual_reports/ar2015/whl_2015_integrated_report.pdf [Accessed on: 19 September 2016]. Woolworths Supermarkets. 2012. [Online]. Available at: https://www.woolworthslimited.com.au/page/Who_We_Are/Our_Brands/Supermarkets/Woolworths/ [Accessed on: 19 September 2016].

Best Cause and Effect Essay Topics For High School and College Students

Best Cause and Effect Essay Topics For High School and College StudentsWhen composing an essay on cause and effect in the high school or college setting, you are confronted with a variety of different cause and effect essay topics. It is your responsibility to select the topic that is going to be the best for your particular essay topic. Below are the best cause and effect essay topics for the high school student and college student.If you choose the subject matter to be a criminal trial, you will probably write about how the effects of an event are made to continue after the event is over. This is a great topic for your cause and effect essay topics as you can discuss how the effects of the event may be seen in the future. You could also include the name of the prosecutor, the judge, the jury, the defense lawyer, and the jury.You could choose to write about a robbery, assault, murder, or kidnap. All of these can have strong effects. You can relate the event to the cause of one or mo re of these cases, such as the murder of an innocent bystander. Again, by discussing these effects in the essay, you can better explain what happened to happen to the victim.You could even mention in your essay why the particular event was necessary in the first place. This would make a great cause and effect essay topic as you can then elaborate on why the event was necessary in the first place. You can use this topic to argue that the victim's death was necessary in the case, such as if the victim was being attacked by a predator or if they were about to die from another disease.Cause and effect might seem easy to you at first, but you will find that it will take some thought and effort to get it just right. When you are writing this essay, you should really try to think about why the cause of the event might be seen in the future. Youcan also use this reason to explain why the events are necessary in the first place.The best way to use this idea in your essay is to express a caus e and effect concept. Many high school students forget this important idea when they write their first essay, and it shows in the essay itself. With practice, you will get it down and the essays will be much better than they ever were.Once you have completed your cause and effect essay topics, you should prepare to revise them. You should write a new cause and effect essay topics every semester or quarter, and you should add new ideas all the time. As long as you keep an eye on your paper every day, you will not forget to write about the causes and effects of events in your essay.While this might seem like a difficult concept to grasp, it is very simple to learn and to understand. Use this method of composition to create a great essay. Your first attempts at cause and effect will be very poor, but you will improve and be more successful the more you write about the subject.

13 Essential Editing Tips to Use in Your Essay Writing

It can be a challenge to find ways to keep improving, but one way of making your essays instantly better is effective editing. Editing your essay before you submit it could mean the difference between a good grade and a brilliant one, so it’s worth taking fifteen minutes or so before you send it off just checking through it to make sure that the structure and wording is as good as it can be. In this article, we give you some tips to think about when you’re editing your own writing. Keep these tips alongside you to use as a checklist and you can’t go far wrong! 1. Start by getting the structure right Unlike a house, an essay can be rearranged even after you’ve put it together. If you have time, try to leave a bit of time between finishing your essay and starting the editing process. This gives you time to approach it feeling reasonably fresh; if you edit immediately after spending a long time on something, you might find that you’re so close to it that you’re unable to spot errors. When you do sit down to look through it, start by looking at its structure. Think about the overarching shape of the argument you’re developing and check that the points you’ve made help build your essay towards a logical conclusion. You may have written an essay with the points in order of when they occurred to you, but is this really the most sensible order? Does one point follow logically on from the other? Would it make the essay more interesting to include a certain point near the beginning to tease the reader, or are you revealing too much in the opening, meaning it would be better to move some points nearer the end? These are just a few of the ways in which it might be possible to improve the structure, so it helps to keep in mind your overall argument and ensure your structure puts it across as effectively as possible. With word processors now the primary means of writing essays, it couldn’t be easier to rearrange paragraphs into a more logical structure by dragging and dropping or cutting and pasting paragraphs. If you do this, don’t forget to reread the essay to ensure that the wording works with this new order, otherwise you may end up with a sentence leading into the wrong paragraph. 2. Prune long sentences and paragraphs The perfect essay is like a bonsai tree – trimmed down to just the right size. Whether you’ve exceeded your word count or not, long sentences and paragraphs should be edited because they can be trickier to read, and risk being boring or hard to follow. Try, therefore, to keep sentences to a maximum of two or three clauses (or segments). Avoid long paragraphs by starting a new one if you find one getting longer than three or four sentences: a wall of text can be off-putting to the reader. Leave a space between paragraphs if you’re typing your essay, as we’re doing in this article. Another way of keeping sentences to a reasonable length is to go through what you’ve written and tighten up the wording. If you find yourself writing long sentences, try to look for ways in which you can reword them to express what you’re trying to say more concisely. You’ll probably find numerous instances of phrases that take many words to say what could be said in two or three. 3. Keep overly complicated language in check It’s going to look obvious if you’ve had a thesaurus next to you while writing, just so that you can replace all the simple words with more complicated ones. The thing is, it doesn’t always make you look intelligent; you may, for instance, inadvertently choose the wrong synonym, not realising that even close synonyms can have subtly different meanings or connotations. Sometimes using big words where simple ones would suffice can seem contrived and pompous; aim for clear, concise language to avoid being verbose or pretentious. That’s not to say you shouldn’t use more complex words at all – just choose the situation carefully and don’t overdo it. 4. Watch for repetition of ideas and words Avoid repeating yourself. It’s easy to repeat yourself without realising it when you’re writing, but the editing process is there to enable you to spot this before your teacher or lecturer sees it. As you read through your essay, keep a look out for ideas you’ve repeated and delete whichever repetitions add nothing to your essay (don’t forget that the first instance of the idea may not be the most appropriate place for it, so consider which is the best moment to introduce it and delete the other mentions). On a related note, look out for instances in which you’ve laboured the point. Going on about a particular point for too long can actually undermine the strength of your argument, because it makes you look as though you’re desperately grappling to find supporting facts; sometimes a simple, clear statement with a brief piece of evidence to back it up is all that’s needed. You should be equally wary of repetition of words within the same sentence or paragraph. It’s fine to repeat common words such as â€Å"the†, obviously, but it’s best to avoid using the same connecting words, such as â€Å"also†, more than once in the same paragraph. Rephrase using alternative expressions, such as â€Å"what’s more†. More unusual words should be used just once per paragraph – words such as â€Å"unavoidable†, for example – unless it’s for emphasis. 5. Don’t rely on the spellcheck It’s a tip we’ve told you before, but it’s worth repeating because it’s very important! The spellcheck will not pick up every single error in your essay. It may highlight some typos and misspellings, but it won’t tell you if you’ve inadvertently used the wrong word altogether. For example, you may have meant to write the word â€Å"from†, but accidentally mistyped it as â€Å"form† – which is still a word, so the spellchecker won’t register it. But it’s not the word you meant to write. 6. Spotting typos Printing something out in order to edit it can help you spot mistakes. It’s said that if you read through your work backwards, you’re more likely to spot typos. This is probably because it’s giving you a new perspective on what you’ve written, making it easier to spot glaring errors than if you read through it in the order in which you wrote it and in which you know what to expect. So, start with the last sentence and keep going in reverse order until you get to the beginning of your essay. Another tip is to print out your essay and take a red pen to it, circling or underlining all the errors and then correcting them on the computer later. It’s often easier to read a document from a printed version, and it also means that you can follow what you’re doing by touching each word with the end of your pencil to make sure you’re not skimming over any errors. 7. Omit unnecessary words and eradicate weasel words Without even realising it, you’ve probably used plenty of unnecessary words in your writing – words that add to the word count without adding to the meaning – and you’ll find that your writing works just as well without them. An example is the word â€Å"very†, which almost always adds nothing to what you’re trying to say. As Mark Twain said, â€Å"Substitute ‘damn’ every time you’re inclined to write ‘very’; your editor will delete it and the writing will be just as it should be†. Weasel words are worse, as they are used to hide weak or objectionable arguments. A study of Wikipedia found that these tend to fall into three different categories: numerical vagueness (such as â€Å"many people say† without specifying who these people are), the use of the passive voice to distance the writer from what they’re saying (â€Å"it is often said†, for example, without saying by whom it is often said), and the use of adverbs designed to soften a point (such as â€Å"probably†). Look out for these in your own writing and rephrase to remove them; they are disingenuous and your essay will be stronger without them. 8. Remove tautologies Also, ‘big’ is quite an unimpressive adjective. A tautology is a stylistic error involving redundant words, in this case the use of two consecutive words that mean the same thing, such as â€Å"the big giant† (referring simply to a â€Å"giant† would have been sufficient to convey the meaning). Students often use them when they’re trying to make their writing wordier, not realising that they simply make their writing worse. 9. Watch the commas People tend either to put too many commas into a sentence, or too few. Too many, and the sentence sounds broken and odd; too few, and the reader has to read the sentence several times to figure out what you’re trying to say, because it comes out in a long, jumbled mess. The secret is to put commas in where you would naturally pause when speaking aloud. If it helps, try reading your writing aloud to see if it flows. Where you would pause for slightly longer, a semi-colon might be more appropriate than a comma. Use a semi-colon to connect two independent clauses that would work as two separate sentences. 10. Consistent spelling Some words have more than one correct spelling, and the important thing is to be consistent with which one you use. You could, if you wanted to make your life a little easier, delve into the settings on your word processor and manipulate the spellcheck so that it highlights the version you decided against – or even autocorrects to the right version. If you’re writing in the UK, ensure that your word processor’s default language is set to UK English so that you don’t end up inadvertently correcting English spellings to US ones (â€Å"colour† to â€Å"color†, for example). 11. Get rid of exclamation marks and ellipses If you use lots of exclamation marks, be aware that this is how your readers will picture you. In virtually every case, you don’t need to use an exclamation mark, and – at least in academic writing – your use of one may result in your writing not being taken quite so seriously. Only use them in exceptional circumstances when you really want to convey a feeling of surprise or outrage. Ellipses (â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ) should also be avoided except when you’re indicating the truncation of a quote from another writer (that is, where you left a bit out). 12. Attribute quotations Quotations from authors or academic writers should be attributed to them. As you read through your essay, keep a look out for any quotations you’ve mentioned and make sure that you say where they’re from. If you’re writing an essay for university, a footnote would be an appropriate way of citing another writer. If you are using footnotes, this gives an extra area on which to focus your editing skills; ensure that all footnotes are consistently formatted, and don’t forget to put a bibliography containing all the books you’ve used at the end. 13. Consistent formatting There’s no reason to have bad formatting when you’re using a computer. The appearance of your essay matters, too – and the formatting should not be neglected when you’re in editing mode. This means being consistent with your use of fonts, using italics or underline for emphasis rather than using them interchangeably, ensuring that the spacing between lines is consistent throughout, and other such minor aesthetic points. This may not sound very important, but consistent formatting helps your essay look professional; if you’ve used different fonts or line spacing or anything like that, your essay will look a mess even if what you’ve said in it is good. You could make use of the pre-populated formatting options in your word processor to ensure consistency throughout, with header 1 for the title, header 2 for subheadings and ‘normal text’ for the body of the document. If you find that there are too many things on this list to think about in one go when you’re reading through your essay, you could read through it several times looking out for different things each time. All this may seem a lot to think about when you’ve already put in so much effort to write the essay in the first place, but trust us: it will pay off with a sleek and polished piece.

Defining Portraits and Portraiture in Art

Defining Portraits and Portraiture in Art Portraits are works of art that record the likenesses of humans or animals that are alive or have been alive. The word  portraiture  is used to describe this category of art. The purpose of a portrait is to memorialize an image of someone for the future. It can be done with painting, photography, sculpture, or almost any other medium. Some portraiture is also created by artists purely for the sake of creating art, rather than working on commission. The human body and face are fascinating subjects that many artists like to study in their personal work. Types of Portraits in Art One could speculate that the majority of portraits are created while the subject is still alive. It may be a single person or a group, such as a family. Portrait paintings go beyond simple documentation, it is the artists interpretation of the subject. Portraits can be realistic, abstract, or representational.   Thanks to photography, we can easily capture records of what people look like throughout their life. This was not possible prior to the invention of the medium in the mid-1800s, so people relied on painters to create their portrait.   A painted portrait today is often seen as a luxury, even more than it was in previous centuries. They tend to be painted for special occasions, important people, or simply as artwork. Due to the cost involved, many people choose to go with photography instead of hiring a painter. A posthumous portrait is one that is rendered after the death of the subject. It can be achieved by either copying another portrait or following instructions of the person who commissions the work. Single images of the Virgin Mary, Jesus Christ, or any saints are not considered portraits. They are called devotional images. Many artists also choose to do a self-portrait. It is a work of art depicting the artist created by their own hand. These are typically made from a reference photo or by looking in a mirror. Self-portraits can give you a good sense of how an artist views themselves and, quite often, it is rather introspective. Some artists will regularly create self-portraits, some just one in their lifetime, and others will not produce any. Portraiture as Sculpture While we tend to think of a portrait as a two-dimensional piece of artwork, the term can also apply to sculpture. When a sculptor focuses on just the head or the head and neck, it is called a  portrait. The word  bust is used when the sculpture includes part of the shoulder and breast. Portraiture and Appropriation Usually, a portrait records the subjects features, though it often also tells something about them. A portrait of the art historian Robert Rosenblum (1927–2006) by Kathleen Gilje captures the sitters face. It also celebrates his outstanding Ingres scholarship through the appropriation of Jean-Auguste-Domonique Ingres portrait of the Comte de Pastoret (1791- 1857). Ingres portrait was completed in 1826 and Giljes portrait was completed in 2006, several months before Rosenblums death in December. Robert Rosenblum collaborated on the choice of appropriation. Representative Portraiture Sometimes a portrait includes inanimate objects that represent the subjects identity. It doesnt necessarily have to include the subject itself. Francis Picabias portrait of Alfred Stieglitz  Ici, Cest Ici Stieglitz (Here is Stieglitz, 1915, Stieglitz Collection, Metropolitan Museum of Art) depicts only a broken bellows camera. Stieglitz was a famous photographer, dealer, and Georgia OKeeffes husband. The early twentieth-century Modernists loved machines and Picabias affection for both the machine and Stieglitz is expressed in this work. The Size of Portraits Portraiture can come in any size. When a  painting was the only way to capture a persons likeness, many well-to-do families chose to memorialize people in portrait miniatures. These paintings were often done in enamel, gouache, or watercolor on animal skin, ivory, velum, or a similar support. The details of these tiny portraits- often just a couple of inches- are amazing and created by extremely talented artists. Portraits can also be very large. We often think of paintings of royalty and world leaders hanging in enormous halls. The canvas itself can, at times, be larger than the person was in real life. However, the majority of painted portraiture falls in between these two extremes. Leonardo da Vincis Mona Lisa (ca. 1503) is probably the most famous portrait in the world and it was painted on  a 2-foot, 6-inch by 1-foot, 9-inch poplar panel. Many people do not realize how small it is until they see it in person.